Climate Change Impact and Indigenous Adaptation Strategies of Selected Coastal Communities in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State

Abstract

Climate change threatens coastal communities worldwide, especially low-lying regions where flooding disrupts livelihoods and damages infrastructure. In Nigeria, Lagos State’s coastal settlements are highly vulnerable but rely on indigenous knowledge adaptation. This study examines local adaptation strategies to flooding, focusing on impacts on livelihoods and infrastructure, using a mixed-method approach that combined spatial analysis, field observation, and surveys. Data from 302 respondents were analyzed using SPSS, while geospatial analysis employed Google Earth Engine and QGIS. Findings show extensive 0–5 m terrain, recurrent inundation zones, and lagoon systems intensify flood risk. Result revealed that flooding severely affects farming, fishing, livestock, social activities, and housing. Communities respond with indigenous strategies such as spiritual practices, redirecting floodwaters, building local bridges, and engaging in petty trade or labor. Despite adaptive capacity, residents especially farmers and fishermen remain highly vulnerable. The study recommends urgent zoning policies, drainage systems, flood-resilient infrastructure, community-based adaptation, and integration of geospatial flood mapping into planning. Local councils should prioritise water provision and mitigation measures like canal construction to reduce risks and strengthen resilience.