Water Accounting of the Ogun River in the Tropical Environment of South-West Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16925552Keywords:
Evapotranspiration, Land use, Precipitation, Water Balance, Water ConsumptionAbstract
The study applied the rapid water accounting plus (WA+) for the 2018 hydrological year to evaluate the water resources availability of the Ogun River Basin in Southwest Nigeria. Data from the Water Productivity (WaPOR) version 2.0 Level 1 open-access database was used for this study. Various tasks using QGIS, ArcGIS, Python, and Jupyter notebook computing were carried out. The results showed that the coefficient of correlation values of WaPOR 2.0 open access and NiMET precipitation data vary from 0.618 to 0.687. The basin’s 2018 hydrological year annual precipitation was 16471mm yr-1. The total evapotranspiration was 13888 mm yr-1, and surplus water of 150.85 mm yr-1 was generated. There are 12.7 km-3 yr-1 of exploitable water supplies. The basin capacity grew by 1.4 km3/year, and the renewable water supplies are greater (14.14 km3/year). Gross inflow is 29.2 km-3yr-1, total outflow and water utilized is 27.8 2 km-3yr-1, and total water reserve shift is 1.4 km-3yr-1. (Balance). Average annual water availability was 12.1 km-3yr-1, of which 2.9% was controlled. On average, 0.1 km-3yr-1 of Managed Water and Incremental ET were produced. The research suggests building medium-sized structures throughout the region to properly harness the surplus water for increased urban water supply and flood control.
References
Adeaga, O. (2006). Multi-decadal variability of rainfall and water resources in Nigeria. IAHS publication, 308, 294.
Akinyemi, D. F., Ayanlade, O. S., Nwaezeigwe, J. O., and Ayanlade, A. (2019). A comparison of the accuracy of multi-satellite precipitation estimation and ground meteorological records over Southwestern Nigeria. Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences, 1-12.
Awomeso, J., Taiwo, A., Idowu, O., Gbadebo, A. and Oyetunde, O. (2019). Assessment of water quality of Ogun River in southwestern Nigeria. IFE J. Sci., 21, 375.
Bănăduc, D., Simić, V., Cianfaglione, K., Barinova, S., Afanasyev,S., Öktener,
A., McCall, G., Simić, S., and Curtean-Bănăduc, A. (2022). Freshwater as a Sustainable Resource and Generator of Secondary Resources in the 21st Century: Stressors, Threats, Risks, Management and Protection Strategies, and Conservation Approaches. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24): 16570. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416570
Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Karimi, P., Rebelo, L.-M., Duan, Z., Senay, G., Muttuwatte, L., and Smakhtin, V. (2014). Earth observation-based assessment of the water production and water consumption of Nile Basin Agro-Ecosystems, Remote Sensing, 6, 10306–10334, 2014.
Biancamaria, S., Mballo, M., Le Moigne, P., Pérez, J. M. S., Espitalier-Noël, G., Grusson, Y., and Sauvage, S. (2019). Total water storage variability from GRACE mission and hydrological models for a 50,000 km2 temperate watershed: the Garonne River basin (France). Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 24, 100609.
Choudhury, B.J., and DiGirolamo, N.E. (1998). A biophysical process-based estimate of global land surface evaporation using satellite and ancillary data I. Model description and comparison with observations. Journal of Hydrology, 205(3-4), 164-185.
Dost, R., Obando, E.B., Bastiaanssen, W., and Hoogeveen, J. (2013). Water Accounting Plus (WA+) in the Awash River Basin. Coping with Water Scarcity – Developing National Water Audits Africa. https://www.wateraccounting.org/files/projects/awash_basin.pdf
Droogers, P., Immerzeel, W.W., Terink, W., Hoogeveen, J., Bierkens, M.F.P., and van Beek, L.P.H. (2012). Water Resources Trends in Middle East and North Africa towards 2050. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16, 3101-3114.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3101-2012
Elmahdi, A. (2020). Guided paper: water accounting reporting system – WARS framework from concept to implementation for sustainable water management. International Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 23 (4), 556118. DOI:10.19080/IJESRNR.2020.23.556118.
FAO and IHE Delft. (2019). Water accounting in the Litani River Basin-remote for water productivity. Water accounting series. Rome.
FAO and IHE Delft. (2020). Water accounting in the Awash River Basin. FAO WaPOR water accounting reports. Rome.
FAO and IHE Delft. (2020). Water accounting in the Jordan River Basin. FAO WaPOR water accounting reports. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/c9918ien
FAO and IHE Delft. (2020). Water accounting in the Niger River Basin. FAO WaPOR water accounting reports. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en
FAO and IHE Delft. (2020). Water accounting in the Nile River Basin. FAO WaPOR water accounting reports. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/c99895en
FAO. (2012). Coping with water scarcity: an action framework for agriculture and food security. FAO Water Report 38. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization.
Gleick, P.H., and Cooley, H. (2021). Freshwater Scarcity. The Annual Review of
Environment and Resources, 46, 319 – 348. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220101319
Ifabiyi, I. P. (2005). Construction versus yield of deep wells in the regolith aquifer of Osun River basin, Nigeria. Water Resources, 16, 1-16.
Jones, H.A. and Hockey, R.D. (1964). The Geology of Part of Southwestern Nigeria Geol. Surv. Nigeria, Bull, 31, 101 p.
Luthcke, S. B. , Sabaka T. J., Loomis B. D., Arendt A., McCarthy J.J., and Camp, J. (2013). Antarctica, Greenland and Gulf of Alaska land ice evolution from an iterated GRACE global mascon solution, J. Glaciol., 59(216), 613–631.
Mengyu L., Zhou, X., Huang, G., and Li, Y. (2024). The increasing water stress projected
for China could shift the agriculture and manufacturing industry geographically. Communications Earth and Environment, 5:396, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01560-y
Molden, D. (1997). Accounting for water use and productivity (No. 42). IWMI.
Musie, W., and Gonfa, G. (2023). Fresh water resource, scarcity, water salinity
challenges and possible remedies: A review. Heliyon 9, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18685
National Bureau of Statistics NBC (2017). Demographic Statistics Bulletin 2017.
Odunuga, S. and Ajayi, O.S. (2017). Morphometric Changes of Ogun River Basin in South-West Nigeria. Benin Journal of Social Sciences, 23, 1-25.
Odunuga, S., Oyebande, L., and Omojola, A. S. (2012). Social-economic indicators and public perception on urban flooding in Lagos, Hydrology for Disaster Management: Special Publication of the Nigerian Association of Hydrological Sciences, NAHS, Abuja, 82–96, 2012.
Oki, T., and Kanae, S. (2006). Global hydrological cycles and world water resources. Science, 313(5790), 1068-1072.
Rijsberman, F.R. (2006). Water Scarcity: Fact or Fiction? Agricultural Water Management, 80, 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.001.
Rodda, J.C., (1998). Hydrological networks need improving! Proc. Int. Conf. on World Water Resources at the Beginning of the 21st Century, Paris, France, UNESCO.
Schaake, J.C., Koren, V.I., Duan, Q.Y., Mitchell, K. and Chen, F. (1996). Simple water balance model for estimating runoff at different spatial and temporal scales. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 101(D3), 7461– 7475. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD02892
Simons, G., Bastiaanssen, W., Ngo, L. A., Hain, C. R., Anderson, M., and Senay, G. (2016). Integrating global satellite-derived data products as a pre-analysis for hydrological modelling studies: a case study for the Red River Basin. Remote Sensing, 8(4), 279.
UNEP (2021). Progress on IWRM: global indicator 6.5.1 updates and acceleration needs 2021.
Van Eekelen, M. W., Bastiaanssen, W. G., Jarmain, C., Jackson, B., Ferreira, F., Van der Zaag, P., and Luxemburg, W. M. J. (2015). A novel approach to estimate direct and indirect water withdrawals from satellite measurements: A case study from the Incomati basin. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 200, 126-142.
Yang, Y., Donohue, R. J., and McVicar, T. R. (2016). Global estimation of effective plant rooting depth: Implications for hydrological modeling. Water Resources Research, 52(10), 8260-8276.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 LASU Journal of Environmental Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The copyright belongs to the Journal of Environmental Sciences (LASU-JES), faculty of Environmental Sciences, Lagos State University.
