The LASU Journal of Environmental Sciences (LASU-JES) is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research in architecture, environmental management, urban planning, geo-informatics, industrial design, and related fields. It emphasizes scientific quality, originality, and contributions to environmental sciences. The journal welcomes empirical studies, theoretical reviews, methodological papers, and case studies, providing a platform for advancing knowledge in sustainable development and built environment disciplines. LASU-JES serves as a key resource for researchers and professionals seeking innovative insights in environmental and spatial sciences
Faculty of Environmental Sciences Lagos State University, Ojo
The copyright belongs to the Journal of Environmental Sciences (LASU-JES), faculty of Environmental Sciences, Lagos State University.
AI, Geography and Ethics: Exploring the Intersections and Implications
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in geography, significantly reshaping spatial analysis, environmental management, urban planning, and socio-economic research. The integration of AI technologies such as machine learning, remote sensing, and geospatial analytics has enabled more accurate data-driven decision-making and predictive modelling. However, the rapid expansion of AI applications in geographic contexts raises pressing ethical concerns, including issues of bias, privacy, surveillance, transparency, and accountability in algorithm design. This study critically examines the ethical implications of applying AI-powered spatial technologies in society and the environment. It explores the unintended consequences that arise when powerful technologies are deployed in fields like climate modelling, disaster response, smart city governance, and geospatial law enforcement. The study highlights how AI can inadvertently reinforce existing social inequalities and perpetuate spatial injustices if not guided by ethical principles. Drawing on theoretical frameworks and real-world case studies, the research evaluates existing ethical guidelines and global AI policies, advocating for fairness-aware algorithms and regulatory safeguards. It underscores the importance of transparency, inclusivity, and accountability in the development and deployment of geographic AI tools. Furthermore, the study calls for interdisciplinary collaboration between geographers, policymakers, ethicists, and technologists to co-create governance mechanisms that ensure the ethical use of AI. The conclusion outlines future research directions, emphasizing the need for context-specific ethical frameworks suited to geographic applications. Responsible AI adoption in geography is vital not only to maximize its benefits but also to mitigate ethical risks, ultimately promoting sustainable and equitable outcomes within the spatial sciences.
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Household Water Use and Management Practices in Jema’a LGA: Challenges and Sustainability Issues
Ensuring clean and reliable water is essential for public health and household well-being, yet many communities still face significant water-related challenges. This study examines household water sources, usage patterns, and the difficulties experienced in Jema’a Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Using a mixed-method approach with structured surveys and direct observations from 100 households selected via stratified random sampling data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The findings reveal that households rely mainly on boreholes, hand-dug wells, rivers, and water vendors. Major challenges include water quality concerns, high costs, and seasonal shortages. Chi-square analyses provided nuanced insights: although the test for overall household income versus water access was non-significant (p=0.539p=0.539), a separate analysis assessing the effect of income on access to reliable water produced significant results (p=0.000p=0.000). This suggests that while income may not determine water access in all aspects, financial capacity plays a critical role in securing safe and dependable water sources. Households cope with shortages by rationing water, purchasing from vendors, and using covered storage containers. To improve water security, the study recommends expanding government-funded borehole projects, promoting rainwater harvesting, enhancing community water management, and adopting affordable pricing mechanisms. Strengthening water infrastructure and raising awareness are crucial for achieving sustainable, safe, and equitable water access for all households in the region.
The Impact of a Volatile Economy on Viability Indicators of Investment Projects in the Lagos Real Estate Market
In recent times, investors and businesses have been affected by an uncertain and volatile business environment. Real estate investment projects are one of the major sectors impacted by the uncertainty in the economy due largely to its capital-intensive nature. This study, therefore, examines the impact of fluctuations in selected economic variables and their effect on the indicators of viability of real estate investment projects in the Lagos real estate market. Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, the study collected data using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 96 estate surveying and valuation firms with expertise on feasibility and viability analysis. Data was analyzed utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicate that interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation were identified as the economic variables that affect viability indicators such as property prices, rental income, construction cost, financing cost, market demand and project profitability/viability. The study recommends among others, a real estate-focused policy intervention by the government to revitalize the sector and achieve faster economic growth. In addition, a follow-up study to investigate the actual viability of the real estate investment projects based on the viability indicators analyzed by the estate surveying and valuation firms should be carried out using respondents drawn from the population of the investors (developers, agents, property owners and financiers).
Conservation Status of Tree Species in Dansoshiya Forest Reserve, Kano State, Nigeria.
Protected Areas (PAs) serve as vital instruments for biodiversity conservation, playing a crucial role in the In-situ conservation of species. The purpose of this study is to assess the likelihood of extirpation and extinction of tree species in the Dansoshiya Forest Reserve (DFR). The study conducted a detailed fieldwork, 30 stratified random sample plots with a quadrat size of 12.5m 8m were collected and measured across the area. 8 Scenario-based focus group discussions (SBFGDs) sessions were also conducted. Tree species probability of extirpation and extinction were determined with the species evenness, IUCN indicative thresholds and Threats Model. Floristic survey conducted in the DFR revealed 67 distinct tree species, and these species were categorised as, 89.55% (60 species) as Critically Endangered 5.97% (4 species) as Endangered, and 4.48% (3 species) as Vulnerable on a local scale. The data obtained from DFR compared with the data obtained the most recent IUCN Red List of Threatened Trees. Of these, 71.64% (48 species) listed as Least Concern, 20.90% (14 species) as Not Evaluated, 4.48% (3 species) were listed as Vulnerable, and 2.29% (2 species) as Endangered at global scale. Moreover, the result revealed other subcategories of Critically Endangered tree species in the area. The overall result indicated that critically endangered species at the local level and the category of species of least concern at the global scale are the common tree species in the area. Hence, immediate conservation action is required for a significant portion of the tree species in the DFR.
Assessing the Impact of Deforestation on Agricultural Activities and Management Strategies in Benue South, Nigeria
Abstract Deforestation poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity in Nigeria. This study investigates the impact of deforestation on agricultural activities and examines management strategies employed in the region. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining structured questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Five Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected, and 729 respondents were selected using the purposive sampling techniques. A subsample of 73 respondents, constituting 10% of the total respondent pool, was purposively selected for in- depth interviews to gather richer and more detailed information. The results show that deforestation has led to reduced crop yields with 56% of the respondents agreed,39% also agreed for loss of soil nutrients, and 39% of the respondents strongly disagreed that disruptions to the climate and water cycle, ultimately decreasing agricultural productivity in the region. The main causes of deforestation identified include fuel wood harvesting with relative index of 0.94 which rank 1st, with timber production, and farmland expansion having index of 0.90,079 which ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. The study highlights the need for sustainable management strategies, such as sustainable agricultural programs with 15%, improved awareness constitute 27% , and 35% of the respondents hinted provision of alternatives to fuel wood, to mitigate deforestation practices. However, limited awareness and high costs of sustainable practices were identified as obstacles to effective deforestation prevention measures. The findings have important implications for policymakers, agricultural practitioners, and environmental managers seeking to address deforestation challenges and promote sustainable agricultural development in Benue South.
Assessment of Invasive and Non-invasive Plant Species Composition and Diversity in Mangrove Ecosystem Ibeno LGA, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Invasive Alien Species are currently considered as the second leading cause of extinctions of documented species and the third threat coming for species at risk of extinction. The study assessed the invasive and non-invasive plant species composition and diversity in Mangrove Ecosystem, Ibeno LGA, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Two 10m x 10m transects were laid within the invasive and non-invasive stations for the evaluation of species abundance using a random sampling technique. The data acquired from the composition of plants was used to compute the abundance, diversity and evenness of plants in the study area using standard methods. Results showed that 7 different plant species: Rhizophora racemose, Rhizophora mangle, Acrostichum aureum, Cyperus janicus, Nypa fruticans, Avicennia germane and Paspalum vaginatum were found belonging to 6 families: Rhizophoraceae, Avicenniaceae, Pteridaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Arecaceae in which Rhizophoraceae was the highest (42.9%). Invasive plant discovered was Nypa fruticans in mangrove ecosystem. Non-invasive plants had the highest diversity (2.12) and evenness (0.360). The study concluded that both invasive and non-invasive plant species are found in the study area, but the invasive species was mainly dominated by Nypa fructicans which is gradually taking over the entirety of Mangrove Ecosystem in Ibeno LGA, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. Nypa fruticans is monotypic and have negative impact on environment, biodiversity and economic of the people living in the community. It is therefore recommended among others that awareness and community participation must be established to combat the expansion of the alien species in Ibeno, LGA.
An Analytical Study of the Concept of Adaptation in the Paintings of Abiodun Akande
Abiodun Akande is a 1989 graduate of the Department of Fine and Applied Arts, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Abiodun Akande is a painter and his paintings have close resemblance to Yoruba traditional sculptures. It is against this background that this paper investigates, analyses and documents the paintings of Abiodun Akande to put in proper perspective his contribution to the evolvement of contemporary Nigerian art. His examined paintings include Ikunle Abiamo, Babalawo, Epa Spectacle, I am Because We Are and Awon Agba. The study is, however, premised on the concept of adaptation. Adaptation is an ideological concept which has to do with the process of revisiting the work of a particular culture and copying its characteristic features into the rendition of one's art work. This study also adopts qualitative research design, using historical and descriptive approaches. The study discovered that, Abiodun Akande revisited and adapted Yoruba art proportion, style, and themes in the execution of his paintings. This makes his paintings to have cubical appearance and most at times, they are characterised with angularity of forms.
Assessing the Impact of Walling Materials Selection on Space Flexibility in the Workers Housing Estate, Laderin, Abeokuta, Ogun State
Housing needs to adapt to changes over its life cycle. However, the apartment design in Nigeria public estate often restricts residents from making modifications to suit evolving needs. Existing studies on flexibility in apartment design focus on definitions and general affordability, but the specific impact of wall material selection on space flexibility remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by exploring the role of walling material selection in achieving space flexibility and affordability in Workers Housing Estate, Laderin, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review, hypotheses were formulated and tested through a structured questionnaire administered to 241 residents in the estate. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the analysis. Results revealed the significantly impact of sand-crete, brick, drywall, and glass on the partition-ability, extendibility and expandability characteristics of housing flexibility. The study concludes that Partition-ability characteristics of flexibility was the leading factor influencing walling material selection. While, Expandability was the lowest determinant in the study area. The study recommends the incorporation of partition-ability features as well as the promotion of drywall material usage in government-built estates.
Urbanization Impacts on Land Use in Rural Urban Fringe: Case of Epe as Fringe of Lagos Metropolitan City, A Review
The study attempts to fill the literature gap and extend prior studies by exploring existing studies on land use changes with a focus on different factors affecting the rural urban fringe area and urban expansion of Epe in Lagos Metropolitan city, highlighting the major impacts of rapid Urbanisation and population growth on land cover changes. This paper highlights emerging novel methodologies by employing a qualitative research approach to explore Urbanisation on Epe's rural urban fringe as a case study, which complements the relative strength of conventional approaches from other developing countries. Findings suggest that the city is expanding into its peripheral regions as rural areas are converted into urban spaces, highlighting the need for urban planning concepts that prioritise the preservation and management of natural land use classes to enhance the quality of life in an urban environment. While the complexity of emerging methodologies, though depends the overall understanding of changes in land use and land cover findings reveal that continuous shifts of land from non-developed natural categories to developed land use are typical of urban sprawl , but the city is also facing severe land transformations in response to the demands of the Lagos Metropolitan city. Therefore this study raises concern over the restructuring process that affects the economic, social and environmental spheres and requires sensitivity from institutional decision-making towards the complex and diverse realities of relevant actors on ground , through which all current and future land use policies are mediated.
The Significance of Ife Art in Yoruba Tradition
Ife art and terracotta heads have become a point of debate among European and African archaeologists, anthropologists and art historians. As scholars attempt to proffer the meaning and explain the functionality of Ife art. Some scholars have interpreted these artefacts based on the information available to them. However, few have been able to discuss how significant Ife art is to the Yoruba tradition. The researcher collected data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources comprised observations and interviews, while secondary sources were drawn from journal articles, books, and the internet. This paper reviewed scholarly positions concerning Ife art and discussed the significance of Ife art in the Yoruba tradition. It also identified the methodological challenges and problems in understanding Ife art. The study revealed that Ife art is pivotal in emphasising the interconnectedness of history, culture, spirituality, identity and continuity of the Yoruba tradition. The study recommended that it is expedient that Ife art be reexamined through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing a deep understanding of the culture, archaeology, and textual analysis of Oriki (praise songs), oral tradition and ancient Yoruba traditional practices.
Determining Sustainability Premium in Real Estate Valuation - A Preliminary Survey of perspectives from Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Lagos, Nigeria.
There is a growing global focus on sustainability and understanding how it impacts property value is important. This will promote informed investment decisions and foster more accurate property valuation. This study examines valuers’ assessment of suitable premium to be earmarked for sustainability features in residential and commercial properties in Lagos, Nigeria. It also identifies possible variations in premium between property types. The target population consists of 198 randomly selected real estate practitioners in Lagos, Nigeria. Data collection was conducted using both online and physical surveys, with 114 valid responses. The Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESVs) were asked to assess percentage increments in property valuations due to the presence of sustainability features, categorized into six key components: energy efficiency (EE), water efficiency (WE), innovation and site planning (IS), economy and conservation of materials (E), waste management (W), and indoor air quality (IAQ). Features were rated on a scale of 0-10%, 11-20%, 21-30%, 31-40%, and 41-50%. The analysis employed descriptive statistics using percentages and results graphically presented. The findings indicate that water efficiency consistently commanded the highest premium (41-50%) for both residential (33%) and commercial properties (27.8%). The aggregate analysis shows an average premium of 31-40% on rent for sustainability features in both property types, drawing attention to the market's gradual yet positive orientation toward sustainability. Variations in premium between residential and commercial properties are attributed to utility preferences both in building design requirements, and user operations
Assessment of Public Perception of Disaster Management in Lagos State, Nigeria
Lagos metropolis is growing with a fast rate of urbanization. Disaster management in such areas requires a collaborative effort between service providers and the public. Inefficiencies in mitigation and response arise in the absence of such synergy. This study thus examined the perception and attitude of residents in Lagos State, Nigeria on disaster management. As a basis, emergency cases responded to by LASEMA from 2010-2022 were analyzed. The distribution of emergency service providers in the study area was also established. Data was acquired from the Lagos State Emergency Management Agency, GRID 3 portal, and a social survey conducted with the use of 203 copies of the questionnaire systematically administered. A total of 780 incidents were reported within the period for the selected sites, the highest number recorded from Ikeja, the state capital. Thirty-seven (37) state-owned hospitals, 9 fire stations, 4 LRU facilities and 38 police facilities were identified. Most of the residents interviewed perceived disaster management as solely the responsibility of government. About 32% of the respondents had experienced at least one emergency incident in the last five years, flooding being the most occurring. Less than 10% of these were however reported, the trust deficit in the capacity of service providers was blamed for this. Respondents’ involvement in community disaster management was also less than 30%, while unresponsive government was identified as the challenge to being more pro-active. Improved community engagement and service delivery by providers amongst others, were recommended to address these issues.
Site Suitability Mapping for Cattle ranch in selected Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Site suitability mapping is a pre-requisite for optimum and sustainable cattle production which ensures food and reduce incessant clashes among the farmers-headers. This study mapped the criteria and examined the suitability site for cattle ranching in some selected Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria, using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Remote sensed data from Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) elevation data, Sentinel-2 imagery, European Soil Data Centre (ESDC), NASA TRMN Satellite, OpenStreetMap, and administrative boundaries. GIS reclassification and, analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was applied. The criteria used for suitability assessment were Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), slope, soil type, proximity to roads and rivers, rainfall patterns, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM). ArcGIS 10.3 Software was used for the data analysis. The result of the weighted overlay analysis revealed that LULC (25%), soil (20%), and rainfall (15%) were the most influential factors, while DEM and road proximity had the least weight (5%). The results also indicate that 17% (34,786 Ha) of the study area is highly suitable, characterized by dense, 55% (113,337 Ha) is suitable, with moderate vegetation, 28% (57,197 Ha) is moderately suitable, featuring variable vegetation while less than 1 Ha was deemed unsuitable due to steep slopes (>12°), poor soils (Lithosols), and water scarcity. The study recommends prioritizing development in highly suitable zones while implementing gradual improvements in moderately suitable areas to enhance cattle ranching productivity and reduce land-use conflicts.
Comparative Assessment of Solid Waste Composition among Waste Dump Sites in Lokoja Metropolis, North Central Nigeria
Municipal waste management remains one of the significant urban environmental problems in most rapidly growing cities in Nigeria. This study assesses composition of municipal solid waste dump sites in Lokoja Metropolis. Purposive sampling technique was employed in sampling the waste dump sites for the study. The waste composition at each dump site was determined through manual sorting into distinct categories, followed by precise weight measurements using a weight balance. The result indicates significant variations in the composition of municipal solid waste across the dump sites. The proportion of organic waste was found to be highest at Felele (34.9%) and lowest at Lokongoma (30.5%). In contrast, inorganic waste was most prevalent at Lokongoma (24.8%), while Kabawa has the lowest proportion (17.3%). Furthermore, it was revealed that Kabawa has the highest percentage of recyclable waste (16.1%), whereas Adankolo accounted for the lowest (11.4%). Furthermore, Adankolo dump site exhibited the highest proportion of textile waste, while Felele has the lowest (18.6%). Lastly, hazardous waste was found most concentrated at Kabawa, while Lokongoma has least proportion (9.5%). The study's findings underscored the predominance of organic waste across all dump sites. Consequently, this research emphasizes the need for enhanced public awareness and education initiatives, focusing on sustainable waste management practices, with a particular emphasis on the effective management of organic waste.
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Selected Surface Sediments within Ijebu-Ode and Environs, Ogun State, Nigeria
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a class of synthetic chemicals known for their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation in the environment. These compounds are resistant to degradation by biological, chemical, microbiological, or physical processes, with half-lives ranging from months to decades. They are highly toxic, causing acute and chronic health effects. Despite being banned in many countries, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are still detected in the Nigerian environment and food chain, likely due to persistence, illegal trade, and improper disposal of old stockpiles. Hence, this study focused on investigating the presence of sixteen OCPs such as α-BHC, β-BHC, δ-BHC, γ-BHC, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan II, 4,4’-DDD, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate, 4,4’-DDT and methoxychlor using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) technique after an extraction and clean-up procedure using the dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) technique on selected surface sediments within Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. The detection frequencies of the OCPs in ascending order were 50.0 %, 56.3%, 62.5 %, and 62.5% at Ijagun, Ososa, Imoru, and Ogbogbo, respectively. Based on the detection frequencies, Imoru and Ososa are more polluted. Conversely, the total mean concentrations revealed that Ososa and Ogbogbo had the highest levels of OCP at 74.54 mg/kg and 79.56 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the sites studied are polluted with OCPs. As such, removal strategies, such as phytoremediation or bioremediation procedures, should be developed to eliminate these pollutants from the environment.
Pathways for Navigating Prevalent Construction Risk Types in Nigerian Building Projects
Contractors are compelled to reduce direct and indirect project costs due to escalating competition in the building industry. Many contractors find that implementing a risk management strategy enhances competitiveness. This study uniquely evaluates risk mitigation strategies for SMEs in a developing economy context. Thus, this study analyses the adequacy of contractors’ pathways to navigate common risk types with a view to achieving sustainable growth of contracting firms. The study adopts a survey research design and collected data from 103 contracting firms registered in categories A, B, and C of the Lagos State Tender Board using the stratified random sampling technique. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentages, standard deviation, mean, ranking, and ANOVA test were deployed for data analysis. Results show that contractors commonly use 33 pathways to navigate 13 construction risk categories, the most effective pathway being cost control and estimating techniques for managing the financial risk category. This implies that it is integral to the financial success of construction projects. Moreover, the ANOVA test of the hypothesis formulated for the study showed that there is a significant difference among the three categories of contracting firms on communication and transparency with stakeholders as a pathway for mitigating construction risks. Therefore, it is recommended that contractors implement modern cost control and estimation techniques for effective risk management. This may be accomplished by co-opting key financial experts in budgeting and keeping contingency funds on hand for emergencies.
Water Scarcity and Its Effect on Daily Activities of Residents in Chikun LGA
Water scarcity is a major challenge in Chikun Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State, affecting daily household activities, sanitation, and public health. This study examines water availability, the impact of shortages on residents, and coping strategies used to manage limited supply. A descriptive research design was employed, with data collected through structured questionnaires administered across selected wards. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula, ensuring a representative study population. Findings reveal that groundwater sources (well and borehole) are the primary water sources, but frequent shortages force residents to rely on wells, rivers, and water vendors, leading to increased costs and unreliable supply. Water scarcity disrupts sanitation and hygiene, contributing to a higher prevalence of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea and typhoid fever. To cope, residents adopt measures like purchasing water, rationing use, and harvesting rainwater, though these strategies are not sustainable. The study recommends government investment in boreholes and piped water networks, improved water management policies, and community-led initiatives to enhance long-term water accessibility. Addressing these challenges will improve sanitation, health, and economic stability in Chikun LGA.
Physico-Chemical Quality Evaluation of Surface Water in Rural Micro-Watersheds, Southern Yobe, Nigeria.
This study evaluates the physico-chemical quality of surface water in rural micro-watersheds of Southern Yobe, Nigeria. The research aimed to evaluate key water quality parameters, including pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, iron, and manganese, in relation to World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) guidelines. Water samples were collected from twenty-five (25) locations across four (4) Local Government Areas: Potiskum, Nangere, Fune, and Fika using grab sampling techniques. Spatial analysis was conducted using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation in ArcGIS 10.5 to map parameter distribution. The results indicated significant spatial variations in water quality, with several locations exceeding permissible limits. Notably, turbidity levels were extremely high in some locations, reaching 1,986 NTU, far above both WHO and NSDWQ guideline of 5.0 NTU. Additionally, iron and manganese concentrations exceeded WHO limits in all sampled locations, posing potential health risks: The study highlights the urgent need for water quality management interventions, including improved watershed protection, sediment control measures, and cost-effective community-based water treatment solutions such as filtration and solar disinfection. This study highlights the critical need for improving water quality, strengthening watershed management, and promoting safe water access in rural communities of Southern Yobe, thereby directly contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development (SDG) Goal 6, ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
Characterization of Soda Lime Silica Glass Waste as Raw Material for Making Glass Ceramics
The use of waste soda lime silicate glass as a raw material for glass ceramics is a subject that has been investigated for many years. This residue could be used in glass ceramics formulations as a silica source for partial or total substitution of one of the natural raw materials, commonly silica and brings the opportunity to improve sustainability. The majority of the studies in this field are related to the production of glass ceramics using different types of glasses, but this particular research is investigating the possibility of (TV screens) in order to enhance the crystallization mechanism and mechanical performance of the end product. The waste glass powder was characterized using Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), the use of which was chosen due to its availability over Wavelength Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), which would have been a better choice, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyses. The EDXRF analysis revealed a SiO2 content of 61.04%, alongside some other traces. Additionally, the x-ray diffraction indicated that no diffraction peak was observed in the glass powder sample, so there were no well-defined scattering planes and therefore no sharp peaks. The FTIR spectra of glass powder revealed several bands from 500 cm−1 to 4000 indicating Broad band stretching vibration of SiO4 and Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching However. The key findings are that waste glass (TV screens) can be used in the production of glass ceramics through sinter crystallization technique with technical and environmental advantages, having desirable properties required for glass ceramic tiles.
Deployment of ChatGPT in Nigerian Universities: Addressing Research Challenges and Ethical Considerations
The research landscape in Nigerian universities faces significant hurdles, hampering both the quantity and quality of academic output. This has hindered national development and industrialization. However, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, notably ChatGPT, presents a promising avenue for revolutionizing academia. Nonetheless, their integration raises ethical concerns. To address these issues, this study explores leveraging ChatGPT to surmount research obstacles in Nigerian academia while fostering sustainable growth. Through a desk review spanning reputable databases like Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, insights were gleaned and synthesized via content analysis. The findings revealed that ChatGPT stands to enhance research accessibility, reduce costs, aid comprehension and writing, facilitate collaboration, and support various research aspects. However, ethical dilemmas such as knowledge bias, privacy, and erosion of critical thinking must be navigated. The study outcome aligns with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 (advocating for quality education), and offers recommendations for responsible ChatGPT integration. Researchers, educators, and policymakers are urged to adopt ChatGPT judiciously, adhering to ethical guidelines to maximize its benefits while mitigating potential drawbacks in the Nigerian educational landscape.
Assessment of Environmental and Sociocultural Determinants of Malaria Incidence at Household Level in Bade Local Area, Yobe State Nigeria
Malaria is one of the most serious health challenges, causing illness and deaths, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The study investigated the effects of environmental and sociocultural factors on malaria incidence at the household level. Data for the study were derived from a questionnaire survey in which 385 household heads participated.Physical environmental variables (distance to mosquito breeding sites and vegetation cover) and built environmental variables (condition of sewers, distance to garbage dumpsites, type of house, availability and condition of water storage containers in the house, type of plant cover within residential houses, and type of animal kept in residential compounds) were analysed to determine their effects on malaria incidence using multiple linear regression.The results showed that out of 22 variables, only seven—distance from house to water bodies, distance to farmland, distance to shrubland, distance to dumpsite, present condition of walls, present condition of roofs, and outdoor sleeping—were significantly associated with the history of malaria in the household (p < 0.05). The variables jointly accounted for 76.4% of malaria incidence in the area.The study indicated that several physical and social environmental factors, such as distance to water bodies (β = 0.046, p = 0.043), distance to vegetated lands (β = 0.118, p = 0.013), condition of walls and roofs of dwelling units (β = 0.157, p = 0.022), and outdoor sleeping behaviour (β = 0.771, p = 0.018), favoured malaria incidence in households. These identified risk factors should be integrated into developing effective malaria control strategies in the area.
Factors Influencing Off-Plan Real Estate Investment in the Lekki-Ajah Axis of Lagos State
This paper aims to investigate those factors influencing off-plan real estate investment strategy with a view to proffering solutions to the hindrances of the strategy. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain expert opinions on the questions raised in the study. Opinionated data were analysed using frequency, mean, standard deviation, and relative importance index. Analysis was achieved with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0. The analysis’ outcome revealed that several factors are driving and hindering off-plan real estate sales. The study revealed that options to spread payments (0.88), purchasing at a lower price than finished properties (0.87), the benefit of selling at a higher price upon delivery (0.80), and the chance to select units before or during construction (0.79) were significant drivers of off-plan real estate investment. In contrast, the hindering factors were delays in delivery (0.86), potential loss of invested funds due to unscrupulous developer actions (0.83), loss of capital growth if a refund occurs (0.81), investment loss in the case of construction collapse (0.80), and abandonment of the project by the developer (0.79). The study recommends the following: developers should divide their projects into proportions and only sell off-plan after completing the preceding proportion, use of independent project manager who represents, monitors, and reports to investors directly, a law regulating off-plan sales and investment, the provision of a ‘loss of deposit’ insurance cover to off-plan investors to ensure that their deposits are fully refunded in the case of the developer insolvency or negligence.
Access and utilisation of Primary Health Care facilities in Peri-Urban Communities of Ibeju-Lekki, Local Government Area of Lagos, Nigeria
This study investigates the access to and utilisation of Primary Health Care (PHC) services in peri-urban communities of Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. PHC is vital in achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC), particularly in low and middle-income countries. The study adopted a survey design and collected data from 200 respondents using structured questionnaires supported by spatial mapping through ArcGIS. Descriptive statistics and the Relative Importance Index (RII) were used to analyse the data. Findings reveal high awareness (68.9%) and utilisation (93.4%) of PHC services among residents, particularly for child healthcare. 51.3% of respondents described PHC centres as very accessible, while 68.9% rated them as adequate. The most valued aspect of PHC service delivery was the friendliness of health workers (RII = 0.873), followed by effective child healthcare services and respectful treatment. However, long waiting times (RII = 0.510), distance from home (RII = 0.482), and high drug costs (RII = 0.476) were identified as key challenges. These results highlight the critical role of interpersonal care in promoting service uptake but also point to persistent access barriers. Addressing these challenges through investment in infrastructure, staff recruitment, and community outreach can enhance the performance of PHC, UHC, and the sustainable development goals.
primary health care and service satisfaction
Spatial Diffusion Patterns of Cholera in Katsina State, Nigeria (2010–2023): A Geographical Analysis of the Outbreak Dynamics and Public Health Implications
This study examines the spatial diffusion patterns of cholera in Katsina State, Nigeria, from 2010 to 2023. The cholera record was collected from the the Department of State Epidemiology and the Incident Manager at EOC, where it contains the locations of patients as latitude (X) and longitude (Y) and the date of onset of the disease (Z), utilising Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) and Linear Trend Surface (LTS) analyses to map the spread of the disease. The research identifies various diffusion patterns, including expansion, relocation, mixed, and hierarchical diffusion, highlighting the complex nature of cholera transmission. Findings reveal that cholera outbreaks often originate in specific regions before spreading to neighbouring areas, with notable outbreaks in 2010, 2014, 2015, 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023. The 2010 outbreak demonstrated expansion diffusion, while the 2014 outbreak exhibited relocation diffusion. The 2015 outbreak showed a mixed diffusion pattern, combining elements of expansion and relocation, and the 2020 outbreak followed a hierarchical (cascade) diffusion pattern. The 2022 outbreak displayed fixed diffusion, with the disease originating and ending in areas around Charanchi LGA. The study underscores the importance of timely interventions and targeted public health responses to contain cholera outbreaks. Spatial analysis tools such as IDW and LTS proved valuable in identifying high-risk areas and guiding resource allocation for effective disease control. The findings emphasize the need for improved reporting systems, continuous monitoring, and addressing geographical, social, and environmental factors to reduce the burden of cholera in the Katsina.
Water Accounting of the Ogun River in the Tropical Environment of South-West Nigeria
The study applied the rapid water accounting plus (WA+) for the 2018 hydrological year to evaluate the water resources availability of the Ogun River Basin in Southwest Nigeria. Data from the Water Productivity (WaPOR) version 2.0 Level 1 open-access database was used for this study. Various tasks using QGIS, ArcGIS, Python, and Jupyter notebook computing were carried out. The results showed that the coefficient of correlation values of WaPOR 2.0 open access and NiMET precipitation data vary from 0.618 to 0.687. The basin’s 2018 hydrological year annual precipitation was 16471mm yr-1. The total evapotranspiration was 13888 mm yr-1, and surplus water of 150.85 mm yr-1 was generated. There are 12.7 km-3 yr-1 of exploitable water supplies. The basin capacity grew by 1.4 km3/year, and the renewable water supplies are greater (14.14 km3/year). Gross inflow is 29.2 km-3yr-1, total outflow and water utilized is 27.8 2 km-3yr-1, and total water reserve shift is 1.4 km-3yr-1. (Balance). Average annual water availability was 12.1 km-3yr-1, of which 2.9% was controlled. On average, 0.1 km-3yr-1 of Managed Water and Incremental ET were produced. The research suggests building medium-sized structures throughout the region to properly harness the surplus water for increased urban water supply and flood control.
Environmental Flooding on Agricultural Activities in Gwer-East Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria.
This study examines environmental flooding on agricultural activities in the Gwer-East Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria. The research focused on the causes and the effects of flooding on agricultural activities (food crop production and livestock rearing). The study adopted questionnaires, observation, and interviews to obtain primary data. Literature was thoroughly reviewed to obtain fundamental information, and descriptive statistics were employed to analyse and interpret the data sets. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between agricultural production and flooding events (P-value = 0.043), negatively impacting agriculture. Flooding events decreased crop yield, while farmers achieved higher harvests outside flood years. The severity of flood impacts on the environment was extreme. Notable food crops cultivated include rice, maize, cassava, and groundnut, while common animals include poultry, pigs, cattle, and goats. The study recommends proper drainage, public education on flood hazards, river channel dredging, prohibition of farming along waterways, and construction of more dams to mitigate flooding effects on agricultural activities.
A Correlation Analysis of Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) and Selected Crop Yield in Nigeria
The study examined the correlation between vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and selected crop yields in Nigeria. To accomplish this, annual temperature, relative humidity, rice, maize and cassava yield data were collected using the ex-post facto research approach. The climate data was extracted from the NASA POWER DAV V2.4.6. Employing the VPD formula using the Excel sheet, the annual VPD was calculated using the mean relative humidity and mean temperature. The crop yield from the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics was accessed to obtain the yields of rice, maize, and cassava from 2000 to 2021. Correlation analysis was used in the study to examine the association between climatic variables and crop yields. The outcome of the study showed that in the past twenty-one (21) years, rice had a weak positive relationship with temperature (0.1037) and vapour pressure deficit (0.2415) and a weak negative relationship with relative humidity (-0.2662). Maize had a weak negative relationship with temperature (-0.1113), and relative humidity (-0.2279) had a weak positive relationship with vapour pressure deficit (0.1827). Cassava had a weak negative relationship with temperature (-0.2284), a moderate negative relationship with vapour pressure deficit (-0.4883), and a moderate positive relationship with relative humidity (0.4931). The implication is that rice yields increase with increasing VPD, and maize and cassava require a minimum VPD. Accordingly, the study suggests that farmers should modify their irrigation regimens according to the VPD needs of each crop. Also, farmers should choose crops adapted to local VPD conditions.
Analysis of Housing Development Financing through Crowdfunding in Abuja, Nigeria
This study examines the feasibility of crowdfunding as an alternative funding method for housing development projects in Abuja, Nigeria, particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The research focuses on identifying the barriers to the adoption of crowdfunding in financing these projects. A quantitative research design was adopted, utilizing an online survey technique. The study utilized primary data gathered through structured questionnaires distributed to members of Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria (REDAN) in Abuja Branch, featuring a five-point Likert scale, distributed to a sample of 352 respondents selected via simple random sampling from a population of 2,500 registered members of REDAN in Abuja. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24, where descriptive statistics and a one-way ANOVA test were conducted to assess the significance of various barriers to crowdfunding adoption based on respondent perceptions. Out of the 352 questionnaires sent, 330 responses were received and analyzed, the results revealed that regulatory issues (mean score: 4.87) and insufficient public information about crowdfunding mechanisms (mean score: 4.84) are the most significant barriers hindering its adoption. A one-way ANOVA test indicated significant variations in perceptions among respondents regarding these barriers. The findings highlight the necessity for tailored regulatory frameworks and increased public awareness initiatives to foster trust in crowdfunding as a viable financing option for housing development. It is recommended that policymakers create clear and robust regulations to alleviate concerns about crowdfunding and that educational campaigns be launched to help both investors and developers better understand crowdfunding, thereby encouraging adoption and greater participation.
Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Using Laboratory Method and Predicted Model of Some Farmlands in Yola South, North-Eastern Nigeria
The study aimed to determine saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) using laboratory method and predicted model of some farmlands in Yola South, North-eastern Nigeria. Two profile pits were dug in each of the three selected farmlands (Mbamba, Bole and Yolde pate) and representative soil samples were collected from three points in each of the locations at depths of 0-15cm, 15-30 cm and 30-60 cm respectively. The Ksat value for each of the sample was measured in the laboratory using simplified permeameter method and predicted using Relative Effective Porosity Model (REPM). The results revealed that the soil texture at Mbamba and Bole areas were dominated by sandy loam and loam textures at Yolde-pate. In addition, the Bd, Pd, TP and AP were characterized as moderate to high ranges from 1.5-1.79 g/cm3, 2.53-2.71 g/cm3, 32.0-40.07 % and 19.99-32.32% respectively. The measured and predicted Ksat values show a unit magnitude difference at Mbamaba (1.4 to 2.0 ×10-4 m/s and 1.1x 10-5 m/s to 8.1×10-6 m/s) and Bole arable lands (2.8×10-3-5.7×10-5 m/s and 1.2×10-4 m/s to 6.4×10-6 m/s) while Yolde-pate shows irregular Ksat magnitude differences. It is concluded that the measured and the REPM model could not be used to determine Ksat for the low porous soils (loamy, clay loam, clay) for all locations in the study area.
The Implication of Climate variability on the Depletion of Fish Reserve in the Coastal Water of Southwestern Nigeria
This study examines rainfall and temperature trends from 1974 to 2021 across Lagos, Ogun, and Ondo states in Southwest Nigeria, analyzing their implications on fish reserves. The region, characterized by a humid tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, experienced a long-term increase in rainfall at 3.69 mm/year and a mean annual temperature rise of 0.28°C per decade. Long-term climatic data (1974 and 2021) from the Nigerian Meteorological Services (NIMET) for Lagos Island, Ijebu-Ode, and Ondo synoptic stations reveal significant variability in climatic patterns, including four distinct rainfall periods and oscillating temperature trends. Notably, the 1980s emerged as the driest decade in a century, while recent years exhibited increased rainfall and temperature, consistent with global warming trends. Based on the established meteorological and fisheries data and using time series analysis, climate variability impacts aquatic ecosystems affecting fish habitats through altered salinity, flooding-induced eutrophication, and habitat shrinkage during dry spells. The time series analysis show a rising temperatures which will exacerbate thermal stress, metabolic demands, and oxygen depletion, further depleting fish populations. For instance, high rainfall years like 2014 and 2019 caused increased freshwater inflows, disrupting ecosystems, while extended dry periods, such as 2013–2020, reduced river flows and fish habitats. The findings underscore the critical need for adaptive management strategies, including wetland restoration, pollution control, and sustainable fishing practices, to mitigate these effects. Drawing from global examples like the Mekong Delta and the Great Barrier Reef, the study highlights the urgent need for integrated climate resilience measures.