Local Conflicts Versus Global Stakes: Understanding the Political Economy of Proxy Warfare in Contemporary International Relations

Abstract

This paper explores the dynamics of proxy warfare in the 21st century through the lens of political economy, emphasizing the intersection between local conflicts and global strategic interests. As major powers increasingly avoid direct military confrontation, they turn to indirect engagement by supporting local actors/militias, insurgents, and governments in various conflict zones. Using case studies from Syria, Yemen, Libya, Ukraine, and the Sahel region, the study critically examines the motivations behind proxy warfare, including geopolitical rivalry, access to natural resources, ideological influence, and strategic deterrence. It further analyses the economic mechanisms that sustain these conflicts, such as arms trading, illicit financing, and war economies. By revealing the often-hidden global stakes in local conflicts, the paper underscores the urgent need for stronger international accountability, regional peace-building frameworks, and citizen awareness. Understanding the political economy of proxy warfare is vital not only for policymakers and scholars but for all global citizens committed to peace, justice, and responsible international engagement.