Contamination of Sachet Water Produced Within a Fast Developing Riverine Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the presence of contaminants and heavy metals in sachet drinking water samples bought from ten different manufacturers in the rapidly developing riverine area of Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Ten sachet water samples from different manufacturers were analyzed for physical, chemical, and mineral composition using standard methods (APHA, 2005). Heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Manganese (Mn) were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.

Result: While physical and chemical parameters (pH, turbidity, alkalinity) complied with WHO standards, elevated levels of arsenic, lead, and manganese were detected in over 50% of the samples. None of the samples fully complied with labeling requirements (e.g., manufacturing/expiry dates, batch numbers).

Conclusion: Sachet water is widely consumed in the community, but regulatory agencies must enforce proper labeling and treatment to prevent acute and chronic heavy metal toxicity from prolonged consumption.